EIP-2930: Optional Access Lists (Type 1 Transactions)
EIP-2930 introduced Type 1 transactions which include an access list — a list of addresses and storage keys the transaction will access. Pre-declaring accesses reduces gas costs for those slots and warms the EVM's access set, helping mitigate gas cost increases from EIP-2929. Access lists are optional and most users still use Type 0 (legacy) or Type 2 (EIP-1559) transactions.
Authors: Vitalik Buterin · Martin Swende
Protocol Impact
Gas savings for contracts with known storage access patternsVERIFIED
- Pre-warming storage slots reduces SLOAD cost from 2100 → 100 gas on warm access
- Type 1 transactions are rarely used in practice (<1% of all txs)
- Enables structured access planning for MEV searchers and complex DeFi interactions
Transaction Type Share (2026)
Current distribution of Ethereum transaction types by countTX TYPES
| Type | Share | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Type 0 — Legacy | 28.0% | Legacy (pre-EIP-1559) |
| Type 1 — Access List | 0.8% | EIP-2930 (rare) |
| Type 2 — EIP-1559 | 61.0% | Most wallets |
| Type 3 — Blob | 10.2% | EIP-4844 rollups |
Type 1 adoption remains <1% — access lists add complexity for marginal savings in most cases
Berlin Upgrade
Other EIPs activated in the same forkBerlin· 2021-04-15LIVE
No other tracked EIPs in this fork.