EIP-7904: EVM Compute Gas Repricing
EIP-7904 is part of the Glamsterdam upgrade and proposes benchmark-driven repricing of EVM opcodes. Modern hardware executes EVM operations far faster than the original gas costs assumed. By measuring actual CPU cycles per opcode on reference hardware and setting gas costs proportionally, EIP-7904 realigns gas with real computation. This dramatically reduces costs for common operations like ETH transfers, ERC-20 transfers, SLOAD, SSTORE, and CALL.
Authors: Vitalik Buterin · Ansgar Dietrichs
Protocol Impact
~78% gas reduction for most EVM operationsPROJECTED
- ETH transfer: 21,000 → 4,600 gas (−78%)
- ERC-20 transfer: 65,000 → 14,000 gas (−78%)
- SLOAD (cold): 800 → 200 gas (−75%)
- SSTORE (cold): 22,100 → 4,800 gas (−78%)
- CALL: 700 → 140 gas (−80%)
- Gas costs now derived from CPU benchmark measurements, not historical estimates
- Maintains same relative ordering — expensive ops remain expensive
Opcode Gas Cost Comparison
Current vs Post-EIP-7904 gas costs — benchmark-driven repricingGAS COSTS
| Operation | Current | Post-EIP-7904 | Reduction |
|---|---|---|---|
| ETH Transfer | 21,000 | 4,600 | -78% |
| ERC-20 Transfer | 65,000 | 14,000 | -78% |
| SLOAD (cold) | 800 | 200 | -75% |
| SSTORE (cold) | 22,100 | 4,800 | -78% |
| CALL | 700 | 140 | -80% |
| MULMOD | 8 | 3 | -62% |
| ADDMOD | 8 | 3 | -62% |
| CREATE | 32,000 | 7,100 | -78% |
Glamsterdam Upgrade
Other EIPs activated in the same forkGlamsterdamUPCOMING