BlobLens
Initializing DA Telemetry…
BlobLens
Initializing DA Telemetry…
Economic Research
Long-horizon analysis of Ethereum's data availability layer — from EIP-4844 blobs through every BPO upgrade.
Each BPO (Blob Parameter Only) upgrade fundamentally changed the DA market — capacity, fee dynamics, and rollup behavior all shifted. These stats are computed from indexed blob transactions, comparing each epoch's actual throughput against its target and maximum parameters.
Mar 13, 2024 · Block 19,426,589
Birth of the blob market — 3 target / 6 max blobs per block
Avg blobs / block
4.03
Avg fee (gwei)
—
Total blobs
7,592,556
Blocks with blobs
1,884,798
| Epoch | EIP | Activation Block | Target Blobs | Max Blobs | Max DA / Block | Update Fraction |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dencun | EIP-4844 | 19,426,587 | 3 | 6 | 768 KB | 3,338,477 |
Pectra | EIP-7691 | 22,431,084 | 6 | 9 | 1,152 KB | 5,007,716 |
BPO1 |
The supply shock
EIP-7691 doubled the blob target to 6 and raised the max cap to 9, dramatically reducing fee pressure. Blob base fees dropped by orders of magnitude as the market adapted to the expanded supply.
Scaling with demand
The BPO1 and BPO2 parameter upgrades increased the target sequentially to 10 and 14 blobs per block (max 15 and 21) as rollup adoption continued to grow. This significantly expanded the network's data availability throughput.
Key signals
Track target fill rate per epoch. When avg blobs/block exceeds the target, fee pressure builds. A fill rate consistently above 80% of target signals upcoming congestion.
May 7, 2025 · Block 22,431,084
2× blob throughput — 6 target / 9 max blobs per block
Avg blobs / block
5.78
Avg fee (gwei)
—
Total blobs
10,736,731
Blocks with blobs
1,858,057
Capacity vs Dencun: 2× target · 1.5× max
Dec 9, 2025 · Block 24,833,257
3.3× blob throughput — 10 target / 15 max blobs per block
Avg blobs / block
4.54
Avg fee (gwei)
0.0339
Total blobs
636,700
Blocks with blobs
140,124
Capacity vs Dencun: 3.3× target · 2.5× max
Jan 7, 2026 · Block 25,042,056
4.6× blob throughput — 14 target / 21 max blobs per block
Avg blobs / block
5.33
Avg fee (gwei)
0.0128
Total blobs
2,839,478
Blocks with blobs
532,555
Capacity vs Dencun: 4.6× target · 3.5× max
| EIP-8134 |
| 24,833,256 |
| 10 |
| 15 |
| 1,920 KB |
| 8,345,921 |
BPO2 | BPO2 | 25,042,056 | 14 | 21 | 2,688 KB | 11,684,671 |
Max DA per block = max_blobs × 128 KB. Update fraction governs the fake_exponential blob base fee calculation.